Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
This article presents an investigation of relationships between organic farming and landscape composition in Denmark. Landscape composition was analysed in terms of density of uncultivated landscape elements (I), number of land uses per hectare (II), diversity of land use (III) and mean field size (IV). Two analytical approaches were used. The first was based on an examination of the national agricultural registers for 1998, 2001 and 2004. The second approach used aerial photo interpretation for an analysis of 72 conventional and 40 organic farms within three sample areas for 1982, 1995 and 2002. The national analysis indicated that organic farming has a direct effect on landscape composition. In 2001, organic farms were characterised by a higher number of land uses per ha, a higher land use diversity and smaller mean field sizes. From 1998 to 2004, conversion to organic farming was related to an increasing number of land uses per ha, increasing land-use diversity and decreasing mean field sizes. Relationships between organic farming and landscape composition were independent of variations in regional location, farm size or farm size change. At the level of sample areas, a significant relationship between organic farming and landscape composition was only found for densities of small biotopes. However, when differences in farm size and physical geographical conditions between conventional and organic farms were taken into account, several significant differences in landscape composition were clarified in two of the three sample areas. Furthermore, changes in landscape composition following conversion to organic farming were largely biased by the characteristics of the sample areas. Thus, in contrast to the national level, the sample area study indicated that differences in landscape composition between organic and conventional farms were not a direct implication of organic farming practices, but were related to variations within other parameters and to the location of organically farmed land. ... Read more

Product Description
This is a NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF MECHANICALENGINEERING report procured by the Pentagon and made available for public release. It has been reproduced in the best form available to the Pentagon. It is not spiral-bound, but rather assembled with Velobinding in a soft, white linen cover. The Storming Media report number is A331143. The abstract provided by the Pentagon follows: The morphology and crystallography of fully hardened Aalbrog LionBrand Danish White cement paste (water cement ratio 0.25) were examined using x- ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy and EDX. Theseexperiments showed the hardened cement to be mostly comprised of equiaxedparticles of 3CaO.SiO2 with diameter of the order of 10 microns and larger often surrounded by inner and outer regions of an amorphous gel-like matrix with anaverage composition of about 1.75CaO.SiO2.3H2O (C-S-H) in which the CaO/SiO2ratio varied from about 0.3 to 5.74. The hydrated regions were also found tocontain significant amounts of Ca(OH)2. Small amounts of ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4, SiO4,CO3)3 (OH)12.26H2O) were also detected. In addition, selected area electron diffraction of the C-S-H matrix revealed diffuse rings, indicating the presenceof short range ordering. The morphology of C-S-H matrix was found to becomprised of small 'cells' of size approximately 5 nm which are no doubtresponsible for the good mechanical properties of this particular hardenedcement paste. These results were also found to be in excellent agreement withprevious research on this topic. ... Read more

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Music. Two parts: Piano score, 174 pages. Violin part, 93 pages. ... Read more

Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Waste Management, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Source-sorted municipal organic waste from different dwelling types in five Danish cities was sampled during one year. The samples were from permanent, full-scale systems or temporary, experimental systems for collection of source-sorted municipal organic waste. Pre-treatment of the organic waste prior to biological treatment was used in all cities to remove foreign objects and provide size reduction. All sampling was performed after pre-treatment in order to obtain more homogeneous and representative samples. The sampling included both the pre-treated waste and the reject from the pre-treatment allowing for estimation of the composition of the original waste. A total of 40 waste samples were chemically characterised with respect to 15 parameters. The waste generally consisted of around 88% VS of which an average of 80% was easily degradable. The average content of N, P and K in the dry matter of the organic waste was 2.5%, 0.4% and 0.9%, respectively. A general analysis of variance was applied to show the influence of the collection system, dwelling type and annual season on the waste composition. The content of plastic and crude fibres in the waste differed the most among the samples, probably due to use of different bag types (plastic and paper) in the different collection systems. Variations in the ash content and the calorific value might be explained by differences in the sorting instructions (whether soil and cat litter are allowed in the organic fraction). Significant seasonal variations were seen for ash, S and Cl. Dwelling type showed no statistically significant influence on any waste components. A test for uniform distribution of the p-values from the analysis of variance (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) showed that the overall composition of the collected waste was strongly affected by the collection system (city) and season, while dwelling type had no significant influence. ... Read more